Series MI-10 · 108 instruments catalogued
Chemistry
Moles, molarity and mixtures balanced to the decimal.
In Service
103 built and verifiedActivation Energy Calculator
Find a reaction's activation energy Ea from two rate constants measured at two temperatures, using the two-point form of the Arrhenius equation — no plot.
In service MI-10-002Activity Coefficient Calculator
Estimate an ion's activity coefficient in dilute solution from its charge and the solution's ionic strength, using the Debye–Hückel limiting law.
In service MI-10-003Actual Yield Calculator
Turn a percent yield and a theoretical yield into actual yield in grams — the real mass of product a reaction produced after losses are accounted for.
In service MI-10-004AFR Calculator (Air-Fuel Ratio)
Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio from a fuel's ultimate analysis — carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur mass percentages in, kg air per kg fuel out.
In service MI-10-005Alligation Calculator
Enter a higher strength, a lower strength, and your target, and get exactly how much of each to combine — the classic pharmacy alligation-alternate method.
In service MI-10-006Arrhenius Equation Calculator
Compute a reaction's rate constant k from the pre-exponential factor A, activation energy Ea, and absolute temperature T using k = A·exp(−Ea/RT).
In service MI-10-007Atom Calculator
Type in an atomic number, mass number, and ionic charge, and get the exact proton, neutron, and electron count for that atom or ion.
In service MI-10-008Atom Economy Calculator
Calculate atom economy: the percent of reactant mass that ends up in your desired product rather than wasted as byproduct, a green-chemistry metric.
In service MI-10-009Atomic Mass Calculator
Look up the IUPAC 2021 standard atomic weight of any of 50 elements, from hydrogen to uranium, in grams per mole.
In service MI-10-010Average Atomic Mass Calculator
Find an element's weighted average atomic mass from two isotopes' masses and abundances — the weighted-average method behind every periodic table entry.
In service MI-10-011Avogadro's Number Calculator
Convert moles to a number of particles using Avogadro's constant, 6.02214076×10²³ per mole — the exact bridge between the mole and a countable number of atoms.
In service MI-10-012Beer-Lambert Law Calculator
Calculate absorbance A from molar extinction coefficient, solution concentration and cuvette path length using the Beer-Lambert law, A = εcl.
In service MI-10-013Bleach Dilution Calculator
Dilute household bleach from label strength to a target concentration — enter starting strength, volume and target % to get total volume and water to add.
In service MI-10-014Boiling Point at Altitude Calculator
Enter an elevation in feet and get the barometric pressure there and the temperature water boils, from a standard empirical altitude regression.
In service MI-10-015Boiling Point Calculator
Give a reference boiling point and pressure plus a heat of vaporization, and get the boiling point at any other pressure via Clausius-Clapeyron.
In service MI-10-016Boiling Point Elevation Calculator
Calculate how much a dissolved solute raises a solvent's boiling point, from the van't Hoff factor, the solvent's ebullioscopic constant, and molality.
In service MI-10-017Bond Order Calculator
Calculate bond order from molecular orbital theory: half the difference between bonding and antibonding electrons, bond order = (bonding − antibonding) / 2.
In service MI-10-018Buffer Capacity Calculator
Give this instrument a buffer's concentration, its Ka, and the pH, and it computes buffer capacity — how much acid or base it can absorb before pH really moves.
In service MI-10-019Buffer pH Calculator
Enter a weak acid's Ka with its conjugate base and acid concentrations, and get the buffer's pH from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
In service MI-10-020Calibration Curve Calculator
Have a calibration curve's slope and intercept from your own standards? Enter them with a measured signal to solve for the unknown concentration.
In service MI-10-021Cell EMF Calculator – Electromotive Force of a Cell
Enter the cathode and anode standard electrode potentials to get a galvanic cell's electromotive force — its voltage under standard conditions.
In service MI-10-023Chemical Name Calculator
Pick a cation and an anion from the dropdowns and get the correct charge-balanced formula and name, parentheses and Roman numerals included.
In service MI-10-024Chemical Oxygen Demand Calculator
Enter blank and sample FAS titrant volumes, titrant normality, and sample volume, and get COD in mg/L from the standard dichromate titration formula.
In service MI-10-025Combustion Analysis Calculator
Recover the mass of carbon and hydrogen in a burned organic sample from the CO2 and H2O it produces, using each gas's known atomic mass ratio.
In service MI-10-026Combustion Reaction Calculator
Balance the complete combustion of any CxHyOz fuel: enter its carbon, hydrogen and oxygen counts and get O2 needed and CO2 and H2O produced per mole of fuel.
In service MI-10-027Concentration Calculator
Enter a solute's mass and a solution's volume to get mass concentration in g/L — the simplest of chemistry's several concentration measures.
In service MI-10-028Crude Protein Calculator
Enter titration volumes, titrant concentration, sample mass, and a nitrogen-to-protein factor to get nitrogen percent and crude protein percent, Kjeldahl-style.
In service MI-10-029Cubic Cell Calculator
Find a cubic crystal's unit-cell edge length from its density, molar mass and atoms per cell, using a = ((n × M) / (Na × ρ))^(1/3).
In service MI-10-030Degree of Unsaturation Calculator
Find a molecule's degree of unsaturation (index of hydrogen deficiency) from its atom counts — the rings and multiple bonds its formula implies.
In service MI-10-031Detention Time Calculator
Find how long fluid stays inside a tank or vessel before flowing out, from tank volume and flow rate, using detention time = volume / flow rate.
In service MI-10-032Diffusion Coefficient Calculator
Estimate a particle's diffusion coefficient in a fluid from temperature, viscosity and particle radius, using the Stokes-Einstein relation D = kBT / (6πηr).
In service MI-10-033Dilution Factor Calculator
Calculate a dilution factor from a final volume and an initial (aliquot) volume — the standard lab figure for how many-fold a sample has been diluted.
In service MI-10-035Effective Nuclear Charge Calculator
Enter an atom's electron counts by shell and get Slater's-rules shielding constant and effective nuclear charge for a given electron.
In service MI-10-036Electrolysis Calculator
Calculate the mass of metal deposited during electrolysis from current, time, molar mass and electrons transferred, using Faraday's law m = (I·t·M) / (n·F).
In service MI-10-037Electron Configuration Calculator
Select an element, hydrogen through krypton, and get its ground-state electron configuration, exceptions to the Aufbau rule included.
In service MI-10-038Electronegativity Calculator
Look up the Pauling-scale electronegativity of 42 common elements, from hydrogen to mercury, for use in bond-polarity and ionic-character calculations.
In service MI-10-039Empirical Formula Calculator
Pick up to three elements and enter their mass percentages, and get each converted to moles and divided by the smallest for the empirical mole ratio.
In service MI-10-040Entropy Calculator
Enter the moles of gas and its initial and final volume to get the entropy change for a reversible, isothermal expansion or compression.
In service MI-10-041Enzyme Activity Calculator
Enter the enzyme activity you need, your final volume, and your stock's known activity, and get exactly how much enzyme mass to weigh out.
In service MI-10-042Equilibrium Constant Calculator
Calculate Kc, the equilibrium constant, from up to two products' and two reactants' equilibrium concentrations and coefficients, using the law of mass action.
In service MI-10-043Freezing Point Depression Calculator
Calculate how much a solute lowers a solvent's freezing point, from van't Hoff factor, cryoscopic constant and molality — the science behind road salt.
In service MI-10-044Gibbs Free Energy Calculator
Calculate Gibbs free energy change ΔG from enthalpy change, entropy change and temperature, using ΔG = ΔH − TΔS, to see whether a reaction is spontaneous.
In service MI-10-045Gibbs' Phase Rule Calculator
Calculate degrees of freedom from the Gibbs phase rule F = C - P + 2, showing how many variables like temperature and pressure can be changed independently.
In service MI-10-046Grams to Moles Calculator
Convert a mass in grams to moles using a substance's molar mass — the basic stoichiometric conversion behind nearly every reaction calculation in chemistry.
In service MI-10-047Half-Life Calculator
Find how much of a radioactive isotope remains after any elapsed time using N(t) = N0 x (1/2)^(t / half-life), the exponential decay behind carbon dating.
In service MI-10-048Heat of Combustion Calculator
Enter a fuel's lower heating value and its combustion stoichiometry, and get the water-vaporization energy added back as the higher heat of combustion.
In service MI-10-049Henderson-Hasselbalch Calculator
Calculate buffer pH from pKa and the conjugate base-to-acid ratio using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the standard tool for designing lab buffers.
In service MI-10-050Hydraulic Retention Time Calculator
Find how many days water spends inside a treatment basin: divide Basin volume by Flow rate, the core sizing number in water and wastewater engineering.
In service MI-10-051Hydrogen Ion Concentration Calculator
Convert pH to hydrogen ion concentration [H+] in mol/L, useful whenever a calculation needs the actual concentration rather than the log-scale pH value.
In service MI-10-052Ionic Strength Calculator
Calculate a solution's ionic strength from up to three ions' concentrations and charges using the Debye-Huckel definition I = 0.5 x sum(ci x zi^2).
In service MI-10-053Isoelectric Point Calculator
Enter an amino acid's acidic and basic dissociation constants to find the isoelectric point — the pH where the molecule carries no net charge.
In service MI-10-054Kp Calculator
Calculate Kp, the pressure-based equilibrium constant for a gas-phase reaction, from each product and reactant's partial pressure and coefficient.
In service MI-10-055Langmuir Isotherm Calculator
Find fractional surface coverage from the Langmuir isotherm, theta = KP / (1 + KP), the standard model for monolayer adsorption on a fixed number of sites.
In service MI-10-056Lattice Energy Calculator
Estimate an ionic crystal's lattice energy from ion charges, count, and ionic radii using the Kapustinskii equation, accurate to within about 5% of experiment.
In service MI-10-058Mass Percent Calculator
Calculate mass percent by dividing solute mass by total solution mass and multiplying by 100 — a concentration unit that needs no volume correction.
In service MI-10-059Michaelis-Menten Equation Calculator
Find an enzyme's reaction rate at any substrate level using v = Vmax x [S] / (Km + [S]) — the equation describing how catalysis speeds up, then saturates.
In service MI-10-060Miller Indices Calculator
Calculate the interplanar spacing of a (hkl) plane family from a cubic lattice constant and Miller indices — the spacing behind every X-ray diffraction peak.
In service MI-10-061Mixing Ratio Calculator
Turn the parts of a three-way mixture into percentages of the total — enter each substance's amount and get its share of the finished mixture.
In service MI-10-062Molality Calculator
Calculate molality by dividing moles of solute by the mass of solvent in kilograms — the concentration unit that stays constant regardless of temperature.
In service MI-10-063Molar Mass Calculator
Build a compound from up to four elements and atom counts to get its molar mass in g/mol — converts a lab balance reading into moles for any recipe.
In service MI-10-064Molar Mass of Gas Calculator
Find a gas's molar mass from mass, volume, pressure and temperature using M = mRT / (PV) — the ideal gas law rearranged to identify an unknown gas.
In service MI-10-065Molar Ratio Calculator
Convert moles of one reactant or product to moles of another using a balanced equation's stoichiometric coefficients as the molar ratio.
In service MI-10-066Molarity Calculator
Calculate molarity by dividing moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters — the standard concentration unit for preparing and reading lab solutions.
In service MI-10-067Mole Calculator
Convert a mass in grams into moles, and moles into the actual number of molecules, using the compound's molecular weight and Avogadro's number in one step.
In service MI-10-068Mole Fraction Calculator
Calculate mole fraction, the ratio of one component's moles to the mixture's total moles — a dimensionless measure used in phase diagrams and Raoult's law.
In service MI-10-069Molecular Weight Calculator
Build a molecule from up to four elements and atom counts to get its molecular weight in daltons (u) — the mass unit biochemists use for a single molecule.
In service MI-10-070Moles to Atoms Converter
Convert moles to a particle count by multiplying by Avogadro's number, 6.02214076x10^23 per mole — the exact bridge between the mole and countable atoms.
In service MI-10-071Nernst Equation Calculator
Find an electrochemical cell's actual potential away from standard conditions using E = E deg - (RT/nF) x ln(Q), tying concentration to voltage.
In service MI-10-073Neutralization Calculator
Find the volume of a second solution needed to exactly neutralize a first, using the normality equivalence relationship N1V1 = N2V2 from acid-base titration.
In service MI-10-074Normality Calculator
Convert molarity to normality by multiplying by the equivalence factor n, the number of reactive units each mole of a substance actually supplies.
In service MI-10-075Osmotic Pressure Calculator
Find a solution's osmotic pressure from molarity, temperature and van't Hoff factor using pi = i x M x R x T, the pressure across a semipermeable membrane.
In service MI-10-076Partial Pressure Calculator
Find one gas's share of a mixture's total pressure using P_gas = x_gas x P_total — Dalton's law, the reason dry air's oxygen sits near 0.21 atm at sea level.
In service MI-10-077Percent Composition Calculator
Break a compound of up to four elements down into each element's percentage of the total mass — the calculation behind every printed elemental-analysis result.
In service MI-10-078Percent Ionic Character Calculator
Estimate what fraction of a chemical bond is ionic versus covalent from the electronegativity difference between its two atoms, using Pauling's formula.
In service MI-10-079Percent Solution Calculator
Calculate a solution's percent strength as weight per volume (%w/v) from solute mass and solution volume — grams per 100 mL, expressed as a percentage.
In service MI-10-080Percent Yield Calculator
Calculate percent yield from actual and theoretical yield in grams — the standard lab metric for how efficiently a reaction actually performed.
In service MI-10-081Percentage Concentration to Molarity Calculator
Convert a solution's percent-by-mass concentration to molarity using its density and molar mass — the standard way to read a reagent bottle's label as mol/L.
In service MI-10-082pH Calculator
Calculate pH from hydrogen ion concentration [H+] using the definitional pH formula, turning an awkward molar concentration into the familiar 0-14 scale.
In service MI-10-083pKa Calculator
Calculate pKa from a weak acid's dissociation constant Ka, turning an awkward exponential number into the compact figure used to compare acid strength.
In service MI-10-084PPM to Molarity Calculator
Convert a trace concentration in parts per million (ppm) into molarity (mol/L) using the dilute-aqueous approximation that 1 ppm equals 1 mg/L.
In service MI-10-085Protein Solubility Calculator
Calculate soluble protein content from a Kjeldahl acid-base titration — blank and sample titer, NaOH normality, and sample weight, converted to percent protein.
In service MI-10-086Q10 Calculator
Calculate the Q10 temperature coefficient from rates measured at two temperatures — the standard measure of how strongly a rate responds to warming.
In service MI-10-088Radioactive Decay Calculator
Calculate the radioactivity (in becquerels) of a mass of radioisotope from its molar mass and half-life — disintegrations per second, right now.
In service MI-10-089Radiocarbon Dating Calculator (Carbon 14 Dating)
Estimate a sample's radiocarbon age from the fraction of carbon-14 remaining and its half-life, using age = −(half-life / ln 2) × ln(Nt / N0).
In service MI-10-090Raoult's Law Calculator
Find how much a dissolved solute lowers a solvent's vapor pressure using P_solution = x_solvent x P_pure_solvent, the law behind boiling-point elevation.
In service MI-10-091Rate Constant Calculator
Solve for a reaction's rate constant k from its measured rate and reactant concentration, for zero-, first-, or second-order kinetics in a single reactant.
In service MI-10-092Rate of Effusion Calculator
Compare how fast two gases effuse or diffuse with Graham's Law: the rate ratio is the square root of the inverse molar-mass ratio.
In service MI-10-093Reaction Quotient Calculator
Calculate the reaction quotient Q from product and reactant concentrations at any point in a reaction, then compare it to K to predict which way it will shift.
In service MI-10-094Reconstitution Calculator
Calculate the concentration in mg/mL when a dry-powder dose is reconstituted with a diluent volume — the core arithmetic behind any reconstitution instruction.
In service MI-10-095Resuspension Calculator
Calculate how much buffer to add to a dry-shipped oligo to hit a target concentration — from the amount in nanomoles and desired micromolar concentration.
In service MI-10-096Saponification Value Calculator
Blank and sample HCl titration volumes, acid normality, and sample mass in — saponification value in mg KOH per gram out, per AOCS Cd 3-25.
In service MI-10-097Serial Dilution Calculator
Calculate the concentration remaining after a series of equal dilution steps, the standard microbiology method for reaching very low concentrations accurately.
In service MI-10-098Solution Dilution Calculator
Solve the dilution equation C1V1=C2V2 for the stock volume needed — enter stock and target concentration and target volume, get the volume of stock to measure.
In service MI-10-099STP Calculator (Standard Temperature and Pressure)
Calculate an ideal gas's volume at STP, choosing between the modern IUPAC (22.711 L/mol) and traditional (22.414 L/mol) molar volume conventions.
In service MI-10-100TDS Calculator
Estimate total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/L) from an electrical conductivity reading (uS/cm) using the empirical TDS = k x EC relationship.
In service MI-10-108Theoretical Saponification Value Calculator
Estimate saponification value from a fat's average triglyceride molecular weight — no titration needed. Enter MW in g/mol, get mg KOH per gram back instantly.
In service MI-10-101Theoretical Yield Calculator
Calculate theoretical yield in grams from limiting reagent moles, stoichiometric ratio and product molar mass — the ceiling a real yield is measured against.
In service MI-10-102Titration Calculator
Calculate the base volume needed to reach the equivalence point of an acid-base titration from molarities, acid volume and the stoichiometric ratio.
In service MI-10-103Two-Photon Absorption Calculator
Estimate a fluorophore's two-photon excitation probability per laser pulse from its cross-section, laser power, wavelength, spot size, and pulse duration.
In service MI-10-104Vapor Pressure Calculator
Estimate a liquid's vapor pressure at a new temperature from one known reference point and its heat of vaporization, using the Clausius-Clapeyron relation.
In service MI-10-105Vapor Pressure of Water Calculator
Calculate water's vapor pressure at any temperature from 1-100 degC using the Antoine equation, an empirical fit tuned to water's real measured behavior.
In service MI-10-106Water Hardness Calculator
Calculate total water hardness as CaCO3 equivalent from calcium and magnesium concentrations, the standard way water hardness is measured and reported.
In service MI-10-107Young-Laplace Equation Calculator
Find the pressure difference across a curved liquid surface using delta P = 2 x surface tension / radius: why small droplets hold more pressure than large ones.
In serviceOn the Board
5 catalogued · not yet builtThese sheets are numbered and queued. They are listed for transparency about what this series will contain — they are not links yet, because nothing here ships before its formula is verified twice.
- MI-10-022 Chemical Equation Balancer
- MI-10-034 Double Bond Equivalent Calculator
- MI-10-057 Liquid Ethylene Density Calculator
- MI-10-072 Net Ionic Equation Calculator
- MI-10-087 Quiz: Electron Configuration Calculator